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1 бутовая кладка
1) General subject: rubblework2) Engineering: coarse masonry, moellon, quarry stone masonry, quarry-stone bond, quarry-stone masonry, quarrystone bond, ragwork, random ashlar, random bond, random rubble, rockwork, rough masonry, rubbework, rubble, rubble masonry, snecking3) Construction: free-stone masonry, rough rubble, rough walling, rubble (stone) masonry, rubblework (конструкция), stone masonry, pack4) Railway term: rag work (из плитняка)5) Architecture: rag-work (rag work)6) Mining: packed waste (из кусков пустой породы), packing, packwall, rubblework7) Makarov: rag-work -
2 hourdis
m* * *m1) building tile, building uni, cofferwork, concrete slab, deafening, hollow clay block, hollow floor, hollow pot, hollow tile (US), hollow brickwork, hollow tile (US), leveling covering, masonry filler unit, pugging, reinforced tile concrete slab, rough masonry (rubble or plaster), rough plaster, rough-casting, slab, soffit block2) (conduits de fumée) parge coat3) (en briques) bricknogging4) (pan de bois) nogging5) (plancher) filler block, hollow blockDictionnaire d'ingénierie, d'architecture et de construction > hourdis
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3 бутовая кладка
random ashlar, random bond, rockwork, coarse masonry, quarry-stone masonry, rough masonry, rubble masonry, moellon, random rubble, rubble, rubblework, ragwork, snecking* * * -
4 Rohbaurichtmaß
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5 грубый
1. uncivilized2. beastly3. boor4. boorish5. cad6. horse-laugh7. ill-mannered8. ribald9. scurrilous10. harshгрубый на ощупь, шероховатый — of harsh texture
11. ignorant12. rugged13. brusquely14. brute15. brute-force16. crass17. crudely18. fulsomeгрубая лесть, подхалимство — fulsome flattery
19. gruff20. raw21. rawly22. roughlyгрубый язык, грубость — rough tongue
23. uncivil24. coarse; rough; rude; gross25. barbarous26. brusque27. brutalгрубая сила, насилие — brutal force
28. churlish29. commonгрубый практицизм; жёсткий рационализм — hard common sense
30. crude31. gross32. rough33. rude34. rustic35. surly36. truculent37. vulgarСинонимический ряд:1. аляповато (прил.) аляповато; безвкусно2. дерзко (прил.) вызывающе; дерзко; резко3. приблизительно (прил.) ориентировочно; приблизительно; примерно4. топорно (прил.) топорно5. приблизительно (проч.) на глаз; ориентировочно; приближенно; приблизительно; примерноАнтонимический ряд:вежливо; деликатно; ласково; нежно; учтиво -
6 Bruchsteinmauerwerk
Bruchsteinmauerwerk n coursed squared rubble work, quarry stone work, rough stone masonry wall work, rubble masonry, scrabbled masonry, scrabbled rubble, snecked rubble, hackingDeutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > Bruchsteinmauerwerk
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7 Bruchsteinmauer
Bruchsteinmauer f rough rubble wall, rough stone masonry wall, rubble wall, rough rubbleDeutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > Bruchsteinmauer
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8 кладка из штучного камня
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > кладка из штучного камня
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9 кладка
ж.laying♢
кладка яиц — egg laying -
10 gros ouvrages
mheavy work, rough work, structural masonry (includes facings and integral pipework), structural workDictionnaire d'ingénierie, d'architecture et de construction > gros ouvrages
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11 бутовая кладка
random ashlar, rubble maisonry, free-stone masonry, moellon, pack, ragwork, rockwork, rough rubble, sneckingРусско-английский словарь по строительству и новым строительным технологиям > бутовая кладка
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12 кладка
ж.1) ( укладывание) laying2) ( часть сооружения)ка́менная кла́дка — masonry ['meɪ-]
кирпи́чная кла́дка — brickwork
бу́товая кла́дка — rough [rʌf] walling
3) ( откладывание яиц) laying ( of eggs); ( отложенные яйца) hatch, clutch ( of eggs) -
13 καταραχίζω
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταραχίζω
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14 Trevithick, Richard
[br]b. 13 April 1771 Illogan, Cornwall, Englandd. 22 April 1833 Dartford, Kent, England[br]English engineer, pioneer of non-condensing steam-engines; designed and built the first locomotives.[br]Trevithick's father was a tin-mine manager, and Trevithick himself, after limited formal education, developed his immense engineering talent among local mining machinery and steam-engines and found employment as a mining engineer. Tall, strong and high-spirited, he was the eternal optimist.About 1797 it occurred to him that the separate condenser patent of James Watt could be avoided by employing "strong steam", that is steam at pressures substantially greater than atmospheric, to drive steam-engines: after use, steam could be exhausted to the atmosphere and the condenser eliminated. His first winding engine on this principle came into use in 1799, and subsequently such engines were widely used. To produce high-pressure steam, a stronger boiler was needed than the boilers then in use, in which the pressure vessel was mounted upon masonry above the fire: Trevithick designed the cylindrical boiler, with furnace tube within, from which the Cornish and later the Lancashire boilers evolved.Simultaneously he realized that high-pressure steam enabled a compact steam-engine/boiler unit to be built: typically, the Trevithick engine comprised a cylindrical boiler with return firetube, and a cylinder recessed into the boiler. No beam intervened between connecting rod and crank. A master patent was taken out.Such an engine was well suited to driving vehicles. Trevithick built his first steam-carriage in 1801, but after a few days' use it overturned on a rough Cornish road and was damaged beyond repair by fire. Nevertheless, it had been the first self-propelled vehicle successfully to carry passengers. His second steam-carriage was driven about the streets of London in 1803, even more successfully; however, it aroused no commercial interest. Meanwhile the Coalbrookdale Company had started to build a locomotive incorporating a Trevithick engine for its tramroads, though little is known of the outcome; however, Samuel Homfray's ironworks at Penydarren, South Wales, was already building engines to Trevithick's design, and in 1804 Trevithick built one there as a locomotive for the Penydarren Tramroad. In this, and in the London steam-carriage, exhaust steam was turned up the chimney to draw the fire. On 21 February the locomotive hauled five wagons with 10 tons of iron and seventy men for 9 miles (14 km): it was the first successful railway locomotive.Again, there was no commercial interest, although Trevithick now had nearly fifty stationary engines completed or being built to his design under licence. He experimented with one to power a barge on the Severn and used one to power a dredger on the Thames. He became Engineer to a project to drive a tunnel beneath the Thames at Rotherhithe and was only narrowly defeated, by quicksands. Trevithick then set up, in 1808, a circular tramroad track in London and upon it demonstrated to the admission-fee-paying public the locomotive Catch me who can, built to his design by John Hazledine and J.U. Rastrick.In 1809, by which date Trevithick had sold all his interest in the steam-engine patent, he and Robert Dickinson, in partnership, obtained a patent for iron tanks to hold liquid cargo in ships, replacing the wooden casks then used, and started to manufacture them. In 1810, however, he was taken seriously ill with typhus for six months and had to return to Cornwall, and early in 1811 the partners were bankrupt; Trevithick was discharged from bankruptcy only in 1814.In the meantime he continued as a steam engineer and produced a single-acting steam engine in which the cut-off could be varied to work the engine expansively by way of a three-way cock actuated by a cam. Then, in 1813, Trevithick was approached by a representative of a company set up to drain the rich but flooded silver-mines at Cerro de Pasco, Peru, at an altitude of 14,000 ft (4,300 m). Low-pressure steam engines, dependent largely upon atmospheric pressure, would not work at such an altitude, but Trevithick's high-pressure engines would. Nine engines and much other mining plant were built by Hazledine and Rastrick and despatched to Peru in 1814, and Trevithick himself followed two years later. However, the war of independence was taking place in Peru, then a Spanish colony, and no sooner had Trevithick, after immense difficulties, put everything in order at the mines then rebels arrived and broke up the machinery, for they saw the mines as a source of supply for the Spanish forces. It was only after innumerable further adventures, during which he encountered and was assisted financially by Robert Stephenson, that Trevithick eventually arrived home in Cornwall in 1827, penniless.He petitioned Parliament for a grant in recognition of his improvements to steam-engines and boilers, without success. He was as inventive as ever though: he proposed a hydraulic power transmission system; he was consulted over steam engines for land drainage in Holland; and he suggested a 1,000 ft (305 m) high tower of gilded cast iron to commemorate the Reform Act of 1832. While working on steam propulsion of ships in 1833, he caught pneumonia, from which he died.[br]BibliographyTrevithick took out fourteen patents, solely or in partnership, of which the most important are: 1802, Construction of Steam Engines, British patent no. 2,599. 1808, Stowing Ships' Cargoes, British patent no. 3,172.Further ReadingH.W.Dickinson and A.Titley, 1934, Richard Trevithick. The Engineer and the Man, Cambridge; F.Trevithick, 1872, Life of Richard Trevithick, London (these two are the principal biographies).E.A.Forward, 1952, "Links in the history of the locomotive", The Engineer (22 February), 226 (considers the case for the Coalbrookdale locomotive of 1802).See also: Blenkinsop, JohnPJGR
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